Which French artist born in St. Petersburg, but was famous for depicting Paris?

For the Russian-speaking tourists in the capital of Israel is an excursion "by Bulgakov places of Jerusalem." Name first surprise. What then can be Bulgakov place? There has never been Mr Mikhail in Jerusalem! It has never happened, of course. But as described! Probably every reader of The Master and Margarita "remembers of his / her magical feeling of the first collision with unrealistically bright, yet surprisingly realistic descriptions of the city Yershalaim. That is why now may guide, leading a tour of the Old Town, said: "And here Matthew Levi stole a bread knife shop, and it will be understood. Not only that - believe it. Pilgrims and tourists traveling to the holy sights and not so much so that, figuratively speaking, to touch the stones, but in order to partake of the legend. In some places brew of legends such dense, that a stranger could not help looking at what he sees, someone else's eyes. Thus, from Venice enthusiastic tourists often bring experience, read in the books of other enthusiastic travelers still the eighteenth century. Sortant De La Madeleine, Paris   In France, the center of Paris is a legend. Legends, created over the centuries and, in turn, creates an unusual, attractive atmosphere in the capital of France. That is why, perhaps, Paris - the main goal of all who come to France. How, how, "The Three Musketeers", "Notre Dame de Paris, Balzac all read ... But only a modern Paris has little in common with those of Paris, which depict Alexander Dumas, Victor Hugo, and even O. de Balzac. Those old, even medieval, Paris has been ruthless and I must say, deservedly so, demolished in the course of a giant reconstruction carried out in 1850-1870-ies under the direction of Baron Haussmann. At the old place has arisen a new, modern Paris, with wide streets, tall buildings comfortable, but ... without the old legends. And to the new capital was worthy of the title of the former, the brilliant, Paris had to quickly create new legends. For this they took all. Engineers, writers and artists. On one of these artists, which left us the memory of beautiful pictures of life renewed in Paris, I want to tell more. Expectation   He was called by this artist Jean Beraud (Jean Béraud). He was born Jan. 12, 1849, as it may seem strange, in St. Petersburg. His father, also named Jean, was a sculptor. Beraud Sr. invited - to put it in modern language - a team of sculptors who worked on the creation of internal decoration of St. Isaac's Cathedral. The family already had two daughters, Adriana and Estelle, and in St. Petersburg got more twins - Jean and Melanie. Four years later his father died and the family Beraud returned to Paris. Initially, Jean did not think of a career artist. At the end of the Lyceum, he entered the law faculty of the University. Education was given to the young man easily, and he planned to become a lawyer. But shortly after graduation began the Franco-Prussian War. France lost the war. It was a major blow to the hyper-patriotism of the French. But then - worse. In Paris there was a revolt of the Paris Commune, which lasted 72 days and were brutally suppressed. On the streets of Paris, the French shot the French. Military defeat and civil war have changed much and many. Jean Beraud abandoned legal career in 1872 began to study painting with artist Leon Bonn and took a studio in Montmartre. And next year he exhibited his paintings at the Salon, the famous annual Paris art exhibition. While his paintings does not stand out. The bistro   Fame came to the artist in 1876. General drew attention to his painting "Returning from the funeral, where he depicted the streets of Paris, on returning from the funeral ceremony, relatives and friends of the deceased. And life is already taking its own: a man lighting a cigar, the women talked among themselves. And the main thing - Paris did not even notice this little heartbreaker. On the painting by Jean Beraud not just talk! Its forged, and the artist had to participate in the trial about this fake. Is not the glory? The artist has found his "niche". He shared the views on the art of impressionists. But unlike them, Jean Beraud curse the new Paris and not run away in search of suitable subjects in the village. He began to draw the capital, seen by the eyes of a lover in his city Parisian. Street scenes, which involve both ladies and gentlemen of high society, and the usual "small" Parisians and Parisiennes. Scene in a cafe in the theater, out of the church. Depicted in the impressionistic style, filled with recognizable everyday details, these pictures impressed contemporaries ultimate realism. Pont des Arts   Now we could compare a few scornful painting with color photography. But in the late 19 th century, the viewer has not yet been spoiled by technical innovations. And most importantly, for each such "snapshot" of the Paris boulevards and streets can feel the artist's personal attitude to the heroes of the picture, people accidentally "fallen into the frame. Most of this humor and compassion, sometimes - sarcasm. Therefore imprinted Jean Beraud Parisian scenes warm heart, memorized, they want to be considered again and again. "Paris" Jean Beraud paintings played a significant role in the emergence of a new image of the updated capital of France. And the new image of Parisians, too. And after the horrors of the First World War, they became the reason for the Europeans (and not just the French) ponostalgirovat of irretrievable time, which became known as the "Belle Epoque» ( «La belle Epoque»). Time, when it seemed that all problems have been solved or will be resolved in the near future, as people saw the great and beautiful. "Man - it's my own" - is an echo of those times. The driver, go home! Jean Beraud life did not escape their small gifts. As well-known artist, he was awarded the Legion of Honor, has participated in many exhibitions and himself became the organizer of known opening day. In 1890 he became one of the founders of the National Society of Fine Arts. However, an attempt to escape from an already lived-in theme failed. Several paintings of scenes of the Gospel, in which the artist put contemporary characters (for example, "Mary Magdalene, the Pharisees"), made a small scandal among the critics - and nothing more. Jean Beraud died Oct. 4, 1935, leaving the glory of the most beautiful Parisian artists of the era.

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"Star" season

Patriot channel "Zvezda" has opened a new season, which will be revealed "great mystery", this shows the "Russian character" expressed "personal opinion", and viewers can join the "crew" and show everyone what a coward is not playing hockey . Working in "his old tricks", TV channel, as before, the main effort focused on the qualitative kinodokumentalistike. For the audience prepared for more than seventy hours of documentary films produced, in which fans of the TV channel "Star" is waiting for a lot of interesting and useful information. This fall, the channel "be lit, three new stars. In addition to Tutta Larsen, Yevgeny Kirichenko and Arina Frost, the air will Smekhov Benjamin, Armen Dzhigarkhanyan and Alla Demidova. In priority and will feature films, the basis of which is "golden fund" of Soviet Russia and the cinema. In the new television season, viewers of "Stars" are waiting for several large prime. These include the documentary series "Heroes. Personal File "," First Five "(of the legendary hockey five CSKA Moscow)," The great secret "," Weak force "(about the personal life of Russia's outstanding military commanders and famous rulers) and several others. Thus, in the documentary series "Heroes. Private affair "leading - People's Artist of Russia Veniamin laugh - tell about the fate of legendary historical figures. Those who were at the top of success and who admired, who knew the whole world and who were delivered during the life of the monuments, had in his life and black stripes. Benjamin Smekhov try to reconstruct such dramatic events in the lives of famous personalities, like suicide writer Alexander Fadeev, the persecution of the composer Sergei Prokofiev, the resignation of an outstanding politician Anatoly Lunacharsky eye on the world's first woman ambassador Alexandra Kollontai. This documentary historical cycle, "Alexander Suvorov. All battle generalissimo "of the great Russian military commander will tell the People's Artist of USSR Armen Djigarkhanyan and People's Artist of the RSFSR Alla Demidova. You can say in advance that many will not regret, if you stop your attention to this transfer, as Alexander Suvorov was a person of enormous proportions, in my life where everything was done in spite of: he became a famous military leader in spite of his humble origins and extremely poor health, quarrelsome nature and those beyond the behavior. In the series of "Great Mysteries" TV "Star" is intended to open up some historical mysteries. His correspondents will investigative journalism and find out whether the Americans have made the famous landing on the moon, which really was a Nuremberg trial, and which disappear missing aircraft. Here you will hear the views of witnesses and scientists, rare photos and secret documents. Four-part documentary "Secrets of the Navy is going to tell you about the most bizarre shipwrecks and sailors of the most mysterious. At the beginning of 1960 in Leningrad pubs can often be found a small, thin man with the Order of Lenin on his lapel badly worn jacket. Who was Alexander Marinesco actually ( "sea wolf" or "sea devil") and why, when life was forgotten, and after his death acknowledged ace of the submarine fleet? Among the least interesting of cycles and the individual programs should note the "Russian character" (Lead - Yevgeny Kirichenko, heroes - the pilots, engineers, scouts, tankers and seamen), "Personal opinion" (leading - Alex Vershinin), "Economics. In essence, "with renowned experts," Crew "(lead - Arina Frost), as well as masterpieces of world cinema.

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Eurovision is changing the rules because of Azerbaijan

The organizers of "Eurovision" have declared their intention not allowed to participate in a musical competition to those countries where the media disclose the identity of voters. In particular, countries that have violated this rule will be disqualified for three goda.Reshenie about changing the rules of engagement in the popular competition has been widely discussed after the Azeri police received information from local telephone companies, interviewed 43 residents of the country cast their ballots for candidates from neighboring Armenia - singers Inga and Anush. "Interrogations of individuals ... absolutely unacceptable," - said representatives of the European Broadcasting Union (EVU), adding that the new rule is intended to safeguard the privacy of visitors Eurovision.

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A unique spectacle will show at Peterhof

As told staged by Lev Levinson, a laser-light and pyrotechnic Spektakel "" Legend of the four elements "will begin at 21:30 and last about chasa.S nightfall on the facade of the palace, accompanied by classical music (Bach, Tchaikovsky, Glinka, Rossini, and others) will broadcast video clips on line 11 of spektaklya.V end of each part will include another group of fountains. Thus, by the end of the presentation to create a festive atmosphere will be all involved in the program of the fountains of Peterhof. "It was conceived as a spectacle, the principal and the principal components of which are very Peterhof, fire, water, air and light. From all this love is born "- said Levinson, reports Regnum. According to him, the spectacle created especially for the Peterhof, the preparations for it were carried out over three mesyatsev.Press service reserve museum explains that on the facade of the Grand Palace "will appear and the amazing designs come to life, portraits of royalty, coats of arms and flags, the ships sail up the Petrine and the flowers bloom. "As the director of the Museum" Peterhof "Elena Kalnitskaya, in good weather performance may visit up to 30 000 guests, reports Fontanka.Ru.

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Christian roots of European civilization, and Russia

Russia is in crisis. Not only the one that rocked the stock exchange and banks, but more important, existential - its essence in painful choice of development. Essentially, this is a protracted search for identity, a search which did not stop for the past three and a half centuries, beginning with the "right book", held under Patriarch Nikon. The Petrine reforms, revolutions and counter-revolution of the twentieth century mark the most radical experiments of the correction of the historical route of Russia, at all stages associated with attempts to refine or revise its place in the historical origin, its place in world history and a concert of world civilizations. The question of Russia's place in the world behind the historically important decisions dictated by pragmatic considerations, such as those adopted by Peter the Great. He stood, and the historic disasters that befell the country under the weight of unmanageable and uncontrollable processes, although they were accompanied by political agendas and utopian prozhekt participants in the events - that took place during three revolutions of a century ago. Lasted for centuries being suspended this issue, creating the illusion of its insolubility, as well as inconsistency hasty responses to it, reveal not only unfounded asked them thinkers, ideologues and politicians, but his objective difficulty. The quintessence of this issue can be marked in such a set of identifiers: Russia and Europe, Russia and the East, Russia and the Byzantine heritage, Russia and the Eurasian steppe, and - most importantly - Russia and Christianity, Russia and Orthodoxy, Russia and the West ispovedaniya.A same question is in fact, whether owned or not owned by Russia Europe. Cartographic answer is no obvious and trivial, or conditions and relates to the field of geographic nomenclature, and in such a setting is the question - this is empty rhetoric. And its essence is problematic, of course, is different: it belongs to the Orthodox Russia of European civilization? In other words, the Christian civilization of Europe includes the Byzantine Empire and its successors, among them Russia, or not include? And if included, in what capacity? As a world cultural homogeneity with Western Europe and only because historically grew stratifying deviations from the standard in need of correction? Or, in Christian Europe has two components - the East and West, which is quite different among themselves, have a genetic relationship? Despite the seemingly indisputable evidence the answer to the last question, this answer is unacceptable to many, such as Russia or Westerners - from the other end of the ideological row - for evraziytsev.Inymi words, in such unpretentious logical reasoning reveals the need for proper understanding of the place Russia in the world and in history, should make an adequate idea about this phenomenon, as Europe. Geographically, Europe - is part of the world, which, however, is not the same and the continent, differing from those of Africa or Australia. Some of the world - the notion of geography, but for Europe and Asia, the geographical factor does not in itself constitute grounds for their separation, because Europe - this is just a large peninsula in the west of the Eurasian continent. Europe and Asia are distinguished not because of geography, but because of the history, and more precisely, because of their belonging to different civilizations. But since the place names "Heroes" and "Asia" included in the geographical context, and geography is forced to map the uniqueness of the boundary between them is carried out with such precision that does not coincide completely with a shaky boundaries between civilizations, but only partly correlated with nimi.Vprochem, This boundary has not remained unchanged for centuries: in ancient times it was carried out on the Tanais (Don), in the Middle Ages - the Volga, in modern times to hold the Ural Mountains, the Ural River, Caspian Sea and then - in the Caucasus Mountains. But the shift in this boundary - to the expansion of Europe from Asia - continues to this day, at least, this trend presents such an international political act, as the reception of newly formed Transcaucasian and Central Asian states into the European organization. There is logic in the fact that the length of Europe in the latitudinal direction is not measured by four, it is generally accepted as recently as twelve time zones, putting its eastern limit is not the Urals and Russia's Pacific coast okeana.Takie move the border between Europe and Asia are not due to shifts continents or other geologic hazards; behind them are the phenomenon of religious, political, social, in other words - a historical character. In considering the issue from this perspective, it should be noted that the unilateral expansion of Europe to the east of the geographical nomenclature does not adequately reflect the real historical process, which demonstrates, rather, the pulsating movements of the actual border between European and Asian civilizations, so that no time in history, it shifted in the reverse - the West - the direction, at least, so it was in the days of Genghis Khan, or Mohammed the Conqueror, whose successor in Asia twice moved up to the Vienna. And almost a thousand years before the defeat ending the siege of Vienna by Ottoman hordes of armed expansion in Asia, Europe, broadcasting from the south, from Africa, and was stopped in the heart of modern France, under Puate.Na question of what European civilization, the most succinct answer is -- it is Christian civilization, and as such it stands alongside the Muslim, Hindu or Confucian civilizations. This answer, however, requires a number of reservations. The initial focus of Christianity, as is well known, not in Europe, and Asia, in Palestine. Europe is well before its Christianization crossed the boundary that separates the primitive or patriarchal, if you like, prehistoric society of civilization, implying the existence of states, writing, complex social system, as well as urban areas. All this in southern Europe - on the island of Crete and then in the Peloponnese and Attica - first appeared already in the II millennium BC. In this regard need to be clarified: describing the civilization of Europe as a Christian, one should not equate to the end of the term "European" and "Christian" civilization is a convergence of their only points out the face of Europe, which it had for centuries - at least in the second half of I and II in the millennium of the birth of Christ, but, of course, not initially. Yet the right of European civilization in the name of a Christian is strengthened by the fact that in antiquity the place name meaning "Europe" was much more local, and in relation to the age-known counterpart of the medieval Christian Europe was the world of classical Mediterranean, which included the coastal territory into three parts light, the Mediterranean, not Europe, remained in the region and the ancient Christian civilization, but only to the expansion of Islam, which confused the old historical and geographical karty.Ochevidno also that in the past, and now the Christian civilization goes far beyond the borders of Europe: let nothing of Russia's Siberia, Lebanon, Armenia, Georgia (for some unknown reason, who in recent years, a cartographic revolution and include yourself in Europe, while the west of it, Turkey, except for real European Thrace, remains calm in Asia), it is yet Christian America - North and South, in our age is comparable with Europe and the population, and its political and economic weight. And yet, in order of primogeniture America should give Europe a priority right to the name of "Christian civilization". At the same time in Europe, and historically, and actually there is Islam: in the past - in Spain and the Balkans, now - at least in Turkish Thrace, Albania, in the North Caucasus and fragmented in the Volga and the Urals. A particular challenge in terms of geographical distribution of civilizations, is the Muslim diaspora in Western Evrope.Esche one necessary consideration in respect of Christianity in Europe, due to the fact that in recent times has become almost a cliché to describe the generally accepted modern societies of Europe and America as a post-Christian world. For such a finding is a number of obvious unfortunate circumstances - to see this, just turn on the TV. But this matter is still too fresh and new: the crisis state of Christian Europe certainly, but it is equally undeniable, and the failure took place already in the twentieth century experience of building the new post-Christian Ordnung. There is every reason to hope that the dispensation of ongoing project in Europe, America and the whole of the land of political correctness, militant and intolerant to any otherness that ignores religious and ethical values of people, the same end in miscarriage, as well as projects Nuremberg dreamers of the thousand-year Reich . In any case, while remaining within the stories and flashbacks, and being distracted from immediate and neblagoobraznoy from dangerous prospect, it is permissible to hold on to good old-fashioned term - Christian Europe, while leaving the eye to the long chilled on European soil shoots, which grew out of the nightmares of the twentieth century - one of those shoots was the French Revolution, although it was certainly not the first rebellion against Christ in baptism Evrope.Vydelenie Christian civilization as some kind of integrity at odds with the concepts of a number of eminent historians and philosophers that adhered politsivilizatsionnogo approach to history. Thus, in opposition to the Roman-Germanic Europe and Russia as the center of the Slavic world is constructed concept NY Danilevskogo, which codifies and brings to provocative extremes are more flexible and tentative ideas early Slavophiles. Eurasians, placing at the heart of Russia's Byzantine heritage of civilization, at the same time Russia is closely alike in the world of a nomadic Turko-Mongol tribes, considering the impact on the steppes of Russia deeper than a superficial influence of the Christian West, in other words - to uphold the ancient maxim of Joseph de Maistre: "If Russian scratch, you'll find a Tartar", - finding in it an occasion not for self-deprecation, and for pride. Oswald Spengler in the list of crops, which he calls about the same as that in Arnold Toynbee called civilizations, makes no mention of Christian culture, contrasting the Western culture of the Arab, who covers for him and the Byzantine world, while considering Russia as another type of culture distinct and separate from the Byzantine and named them, not without clumsy German wit Siberia. In A. Toynbee, Western Christian and Eastern Christian civilization are not in isolation from each other solely by way of contrast, like Spengler or Danilevsky, but given their common origin from the Greco-Roman civilization under the influence of the Christian leaven. Nevertheless, Toynbee, and sees in them the variety of the same, but two different tsivilizatsii.Inymi words nail the question posed is whether, to put it concisely, Byzantium and Russia, on the one hand, and the West - on the other hand, modifications of the same culture or two different worlds, affinities and historical context, which are secondary. The first answer seems to be more convincing, if not obvious. To the East-West Europe perceive no less difference than that between the Eastern Christian world and the world of Islam, or the nomadic cultures of the Eurasian steppe, the need for much of that zapalchivosti.No insisting on the existence of a single Christian civilization, we should not ignore the very real and even morphological differences within it , which basically boil down to a difference of its two varieties - the West, Catholic and Protestant, and Christian East - Orthodox, but also Monophysite and Nestorian. Although the division within the Christian civilization has a confessional nature, this does not mean that there is an exact match between the confessional pluralism and diversity of varieties of Christian culture. Doctrinal Orthodoxy closer to Catholicism than Lutheranism or Calvinism, but Protestant Europe, in different civilizations different from Catholic Europe, far less than that from the Orthodox East. The explanation of this fact lies on the surface and due to the fact that the Reformation - is a relatively late phenomenon: Protestantism came too late to radically modify the already existing culture of that part of Western Europe, which was covered by them. At the same time, the chronological argument can not be extrapolated beyond the above particular case. Confessional divide between diafizitami, Monophysites Nestorians and goes back to IV century, but family ties that bind the Orthodox world from the worlds of the Coptic and Syriac Christianity, were still stronger than those associated with Eastern and Western Christian civilization, the church whose unity is maintained longer - up to XI veka.Zapadnaya modification of Christian civilization, of course, extends far beyond Europe, but, unlike the east, not by land, and across the Atlantic, covering the South and North America, Australia, New Zealand and a number of enclaves in Asia and Africa. In this case the specific nature of Latin American civilization which distinguishes it from Catholic Europe, has no religious grounds and is rooted in an intense impact on her destroyed local cultures of the Aztecs, Mayas, Incas. As for the civilization of North America, in its formation of a critical constituent contributions made sectarian dissent, marginalize the homeland of the North American culture - in Western Europe and North American Indian culture, virtually destroyed by the colonists, together with their carriers, have left their legacies mainly on a geographical map of America its Oklahoma and Mississippi, and even in the famous art of the pioneers of the wild West shoot skalpy.No subject of our reflections Europe, but not the entire Christian world. There are reasons of Eastern and Western Christian civilization, written in the form of smaller structures. Christian East in such a case can be divided into three regions: the south - in the Balkans, Cyprus and the Caucasus, including Georgia, as the Orthodox and Monophysite Armenia, and the north, Russia, which embraces, of course, also Ukraine and Belarus, with the long-term presence within Russia and Georgia, Armenia and the close ties of ethnic kinship of Balkan Orthodox Slavs, of Slavic Russia has allocated Christian Transcaucasus, but also the territory of Bulgaria, Macedonia and Serbia and its Bosnian enclaves and Montenegro in the region, intermediate between the Greek and Russia's version of Eastern civilization. The third region is the Eastern Christian world - is located almost in the heart of Africa, Ethiopia, the culture which is a special modification of the Coptic civilization Egipta.Zapadnohristiansky world has no less complicated than the Christian East. In this confessional factor only partly affects the lines of its divisions. The cultural core of Western Europe can be outlined as follows: it is Germany, France, Benelux, Austria, Switzerland, northern and central Italy, the Spanish Catalonia, Czech Republic and Slovenia, but Slovakia and Croatia. This division of this region in its Catholic and Protestant factions, taking place around the Roman Limes, although it has a very real basis, yet again in comparison with the cultural boundaries that separate the region as a whole from the UK or Spain, and even from southern Italy. The fundamental historical phenomenon, which is based on this structure - the empire of Charlemagne. It is a curious circumstance that, perhaps, is not only a curious coincidence - this is almost an exact match historical boundaries of the cultural core of Western Europe to the borders of the European Union in its initial composition, when he was called the Common Market. But apparently, only a historical joke was the fact that the eastern frontier of the empire of Charlemagne was reproduced almost literally, when the Iron Curtain divided Europe, so that Germany was dissected into two parts, roughly along the Elbe, as in the wars of Charlemagne with the Germanic pagans саксами.За пределами этого цивилизационного ядра Западной Европы могут быть выделены, как особые и периферийные культурные модификации, скандинавская и не вполне однородные с ней, с одной стороны, исландская, а с другой – финская и остзейская, а также британская и принципиально отличающаяся от нее культура католической и кельтской по своим этническим и культурным корням Ирландии, иберийская цивилизация в Испании и Португалии, но также и баскская в Пиренеях, южноитальянская, которая включает в себя тесно родственную материковому югу Италии Сицилию и своеобразную культуру Сардинии, а также и Корсику, несмотря на ее политическую принадлежность Франции. Совершенно особый уголок южной Европы – католическая и одновременно арабоязычная Мальта. Наконец, к западнохристианской цивилизации принадлежит и католический восток Западной Европы.Западная и восточная разновидности христианской цивилизации сосуществуют параллельно не со времени крещения Европы. Христианский Запад существенно разошелся с христианским Востоком в эпоху папства и феодализма, крестовых походов и схоластики, иными словами, во II тысячелетии от Рождества Христова, но процесс разделения начался, естественно, раньше: на востоке – при императоре Ираклии, радикально пересмотревшем политику своих предшественников, стремившихся удержать или восстановить единство и целостность Римской империи, и сделавшем решительный шаг в сторону эллинизации Нового Рима; на западе – аналогичное значение имели события, происшедшие на рубеже VIII–IX столетий, когда Карл Великий и папа Лев III создали в действительности впервые Западную Римскую империю. Плоды разделения созрели к 1054 году. А хрестоматийная дата разделения единой Римской империи на две – западную и восточную – 395 год, отмеченный кончиной святого императора Феодосия Великого и его завещанием, является вполне фиктивной: в таком роде, как разделил империю святой Феодосий в своем завещании между сыновьями, ее делили не раз и до него, когда при наличии соправителей и при территориальном распределении их власти сохранялось единство правовой системы – это было похоже, скорее, на выделение уделов младшим сыновьям Московских государей при Иване III и его преемниках, когда в действительности удельная система уже прекратила свое существование на Руси.Важное, но все-таки не первостепенное значение в фактической дивергенции христианской цивилизации на западную и восточную имел этнический фактор: вторжения и завоевания германских варваров на западе и крещение южных и восточных славян от греков. Но в первом случае суть дела заключалась не в том, что вестготы, остготы, бургунды или вандалы изменили характер цивилизации Рима, завоевав его, а в том, что противостоявшая тогда цивилизации единого греко-латинского Рима культура германцев ариан, сама пронизанная влиянием Рима, исчезнув, оставила свой след на цивилизации католического Запада. Что же касается крещения болгар, сербов и руси, то события эти совершались тогда, когда надлом единого христианского мира был уже совершившимся фактом.Есть серьезные основания утверждать, что на рубеже тысячелетий произошло не разделение единого христианского мира на две фракции, но обособление католического запада от православного христианского мира, который на востоке оставался в существенных своих чертах тем же самым, каким он был ранее и в греческой, и в латинской половине единой Римской империи, в особенности в ее провинциальной периферии, будь то в Грузии, на Сицилии или даже в Ирландии. Утверждение это голословно, но убедительным оно может стать только при опоре на фактический материал, которому нет места в статье, и все же эту мысль можно попытаться хотя бы проиллюстрировать, указав на архитектуру древних христианских храмов не только нового, но и ветхого Рима, с одной стороны, и на столь не похожие на них готические соборы Франции и Германии – с другой.Дихотомия христианской Европы находит известную параллель в дихотомии греческого и латинского элементов в едином классическом мире дохристианской древности. Но это их двуединство и тогда не обозначало паритета. Самым лаконичным образом суть их взаимоотношений можно выразить такой формулой: в результате политической и военной экспансии Рима, покорившего грекоязычные царства и полисы, недостаточно зрелая римская культура была поглощена греческой, находившейся тогда в той космополитической стадии своей истории, которую принято называть эллинизмом. При этом необходимо уточнить, что разнообразные влияния эллинской стихии – через Великую Грецию, занимавшую юг современной Италии, через этрусков – Рим испытывал с самого начала своей истории, и эти влияния не гипотетичны, они хорошо прослеживаются.Наконец, древнейшая цивилизация Европы – это та, что была открыта недавно, на рубеже XIX–XX столетий, – крито-микенская, которая, подобно классической греко-римской и христианской – западной и восточной, представляет собой, как это видно уже из ее наименования, тоже своеобразную хронологически смещенную дихотомию.В недавнем прошлом, по меньшей мере, еще в XIX столетии, историю Европы почти отождествляли с всемирной историей. На страницах соответствующих компендиумов, помимо развернутых европейских сюжетов, помещались лишь несравненно более лаконичные очерки истории Египта, Месопотамии и Ирана и – уже совсем маргинально – Индии и Китая. Наследие литературного империализма в наше время преодолено и в историографии, по крайней мере, европоцентризм не является больше открыто декларируемой позицией большинства европейских историков, в особенности политкорректных историков.Это не значит, однако, что классический европоцентризм изжит до конца. В трансформированном виде он сохранился и остается вполне популярным идеологическим направлением. Только ныне в центр мировой истории ставят уже не собственно европейскую историю с христианской закваской ее культуры, но «западную цивилизацию», в составе которой собственно европейский элемент оттесняется на периферию, а во главу угла помещается детище Европы – Соединенные Штаты, при этом «западную цивилизацию» представляют как модель для незападных стран, постепенно включаемых в ее орбиту по мере их модернизации, а в конечном результате этого процесса, по парадоксальному и провоцирующему выражению Фукуямы, на сознание которого произвело непропорционально сильное впечатление падение Берлинской стены, просматривается конец истории, не апокалиптический, а прогрессистский, вроде марксистского пришествия коммунизма, только в капиталистической одежде, или, еще вульгарней, в виде хэппи-эндов голливудской продукции.Неотразимую теоретическую критику этой концепции дал один из самых глубоких современных политологов – С.-Ф. Хантингтон, а 11 сентября 2001 года вместе с последовавшими за ним провалами агрессивных акций единственной сверхдержавы наглядно проиллюстрировали иллюзорность очередной модной утопии. И все-таки в умеренных дозах европоцентризм в извращенной форме западноцентризма, или атлантизма, сохранился и до сих пор: и в сочинениях пишущих авторов, и в умах непишущей публики, и в делах политиков.Самым популярным и тривиальным обоснованием такой ориентации сознания является идея прогресса, поскольку, считается, двигаясь по пути прогресса, Запад обошел другие регионы мира. Это убеждение настолько въелось в умы современных публицистов, в особенности самых легкомысленных и рептильных из них – современных российских либералов, что в русле этой логики часто – и, как кажется, без всякого ощущения несообразности с точки зрения традиционной географии – к Западу причисляют и экономически развитую Японию, исключительно ввиду высоких показателей ее ВВП и благодетельного, с точки зрения российских либералов, присутствия на ее земле американских оккупационных баз. Но Япония может считаться Западом только в том случае, если смотреть на нее из Лос-Анжелеса, из Голливуда. Тогда, правда, пребывая в Калифорнии и обернувшись в противоположную сторону, следовало бы наименовать Дальним Востоком то, что принято называть Западной Европой.Итак, Запад ставят в центр мироздания ввиду успехов его прогресса. Но о прогрессе чего при этом идет речь? Как заметил А. Тойнби, прогресс наиболее бесспорен в военной технике. И действительно, его самоочевидность тут в самом деле поразительна – достаточно только сравнить эффект хиросимской бомбы, бомбардировки Дрездена или Багдада с самыми кровавыми бойнями давнего прошлого. Конечно, за развитием военных технологий, которые всегда были в авангарде прогресса, стоит развитие технологической системы в целом, иными словами – способности человеческих обществ трансформировать природную среду в собственных интересах. Хотя с точки зрения «зеленых» такой прогресс не заслуживает восхищения, он, по меньшей мере, очевиден, и он действительно радикально изменил внешние условия человеческого существования в последние два века. Но если судить о прогрессе не с исключительно технологической точки зрения, а с экономической и социологической, через показатели душевого размера ВВП или индекса человеческого развития, то, хотя прогресс и в этой области – вполне зримая реальность, тут уже нет оснований говорить о его поступательном и непрерывном движении на протяжении длительного исторического времени. Русский социолог П. Сорокин в свое время подсчитал, что если бы во времена земной жизни Иисуса Христа 1 динарий был отдан в рост под скромные 2%, которые бы адекватно соответствовали весьма умеренному экономическому росту, то, чтобы расплатиться с кредитором в XX столетии, должнику не хватило бы средств, даже если бы он обладал всем земным шаром, а тот был бы из чистого золота, из чего с ошеломляющей математической очевидностью вытекает, что экономический рост неизбежным образом прерывался на протяжении истории катастрофическими падениями и длительными стагнациями.И все-таки если прогресс измерять приведенными здесь критериями, к которым можно добавить и более человечные – такие как продолжительность жизни, уровень образования, то приоритет западной цивилизации предстанет бесспорным, но не с точки зрения историка, имеющего дело со столетиями, поскольку авангардная роль Европы и Америки в технологии, экономике и комфорте восходит лишь к началу XIX века – лишь после славной в анналах британской истории опиумной войны, победу в которой, принуждавшей Китай к массовым закупкам колониального индийского опиума, Британия достигла благодаря преимуществу в военной технике, Китай уступил первенство по ВВП Британской империи, которая, в свою очередь, на рубеже XIX и XX столетий уступила его Соединенным Штатам. Но и это первенство имеет все шансы быть утраченным уже в текущем столетии, по мере стремительного роста экономической мощи Дальнего Востока. Остается, однако, еще большим вопросом, стал ли человек в результате экономического прогресса более счастливым хотя бы в исключительно гедонистическом смысле слова. Ответ на него не может быть продемонстрирован статистически. На языке науки его нет и не может быть, но более релевантные тут философия, искусство, и в частности литература и кино, дают либо амбивалентные, либо, скорее, негативные ответы, во всяком случае, последние более обычны у мыслителей и художников, чем оптимистические, триумфалистские и прогрессистские.Но суть дела заключается в том, что человек – существо духовное, предназначенное для вечной жизни, и потому гедонистический аспект человеческого существования не может иметь решающего значения в рассуждениях аксиологического характера, в том числе и по поводу прогресса. И поэтому важнейшей темой в сопоставлениях цивилизаций оказывается религиозная сторона дела, которая имеет самое прямое отношение к вечности человеческого существования. Поскольку между приверженцами разных религий не может быть ни договоренности, ни даже плодотворной дискуссии о приоритете той или иной религии, то, с сциентистской точки зрения, рассмотрение проблемы человека и истории человеческих обществ и всего человеческого рода sub specie aeternitatis, в аспекте абсолютных ценностей, неадекватно, и всякие соглашения на этот счет могут иметь лишь конвенциональный характер и, строго говоря, лежат вне науки в собственном смысле слова.Тем не менее, историк человеческого общества, а не его частных проявлений, вроде сталелитейного производства или банковского кредита, не может игнорировать того, что составляет стержень человеческого бытия, так что историческая наука лишена возможности уместиться в прокрустовом ложе чистой науки, что, впрочем, всегда было известно и об истории, и о других гуманитарных дисциплинах и что не должно смущать историка христианина, который имеет веские основания поставить в центр мировой истории историю христианской цивилизации, что, конечно, при взгляде изнутри иных культур рискует быть расценено как необоснованная претензия и предвзятость. Но попытка обойти такую предвзятость не может оказаться состоятельной. Безрелигиозный взгляд на мир и на историю атеиста или агностика вовсе не гарантирует недостижимой нейтральности или объективности, и носителями любого религиозного сознания воспринимается как узко партийный и тенденциозный, к тому же продиктованный наивной гордыней – тщетной попыткой изъять себя из потока истории и вскарабкаться на воображаемую, мнимую вершину, выше Эвереста, откуда видно все, что происходило и происходит под солнцем. В свое время советские идеологи утверждали, что для этого надо всего лишь при наличии образования сохранить в себе круг понятий фабрично-заводского рабочего либо, при ином происхождении, усвоить себе пролетарское мировоззрение. Есть основания полагать, что они преувеличивали пользу рабочего происхождения или имитации пролетарских вкусов для историка.Протоиерей Георгий Флоровский в свое время писал: «Беспристрастной истории нет и не может быть. У историков-эволюционистов предвзятых мнений не меньше, чем у верующих в Божественное Откровение – это всего-навсего иной род предвзятости. Эрнест Ренан и Юлиус Велльхаузен пристрастны не менее Риччотти и о. Лагранжа… а Райценштайн и Фрейзер – куда больше, чем Дом Одо Казель и Дом Грегори Дикс. Просто пристрастия у них различны. Слишком хорошо известно, что в угоду критическим предрассудкам историки порой искажают и извращают истину куда сильнее, чем из покорности традиции».Между тем историк-христианин имеет существенное преимущество. Марк Блок, не будучи христианином, в своей «Апологии истории» утверждал: «Христианство – религия историков. Другие религиозные системы основывали свои верования и ритуалы на мифологии, почти не подвластной человеческому времени. У христиан священными книгами являются книги исторические, а их литургии отмечают – наряду с эпизодами земной жизни Бога – события из истории Церкви и святых». За этим суждением стоят, по меньшей мере, две идеи: христианская вера – это не только вера в вечное, внеисторическое бытие Триипостасного Бога, но это также вера в реальность событий, имевших место в истории, вера в исторические факты Боговоплощения, Распятия Спасителя «при Понтийстем Пилате», говоря словами символа веры, и Воскресения. Другая идея, восходящая к блаженному Августину, заключается в том, что события Священной истории Нового Завета составили главный узел и центральный пункт всемирной истории, они наполнили историю смыслом, сообщили ей ориентир.Христианская цивилизация потому и составляет особенно значимый фрагмент человеческой истории, что он теснее других связан с историей Церкви. На первый взгляд, при таком подходе изгнанный через двери европоцентризм возвращается через окно. Но, во-первых, это все-таки не тот европоцентризм, который деградировал в «западнизм» – удачно изобретенное философом ХХ века клеймо, – хотя бы уже потому, что история христианской Церкви, как уже было сказано, начиналась не в Европе, и не в Европе, а в азиатском Иерусалиме произошло важнейшее событие мировой истории. А во-вторых, смысловая важность событий европейской истории связана в таком представлении о мировой истории не с ее военным, политическим или экономическим доминированием, не с прогрессивным развитием науки и техники, а с эволюцией ее духовного состояния. И наконец, самое главное возражение против аттестации такой концепции как продолжающей традицию империалистического европоцентризма заключается в ее конфессионально мотивированном аксиологическом акценте на исторически восточнохристианскую, а по существу дела аутентично христианскую цивилизацию, претерпевшую в своем западном ареале на рубеже I и II тысячелетий мутацию, из которой в конечном счете и вырос современный Запад, устремившийся в бездну постхристианства. К тому же, христианский Восток на протяжении веков в своих взаимоотношениях с ближайшими соседями был чаще жертвой экспансии как с запада, так и с востока, чем агрессором.Все оставившие след в истории и все-таки по существу дела неудачные опыты сделать России такое переливание крови, которое бы устранило ее качественное отличие от Запада, проистекали из недооценки цивилизационной значимости церковного разрыва, совершившегося в 1054 году, и, как это ни кажется парадоксальным на первый взгляд, значимости учиненного полтора столетия спустя крестоносцами погрома Константинополя. Эти события происходили вне России, но уже тогда она входила в орбиту византийского мира, и его судьба стала конститутивной частью ее духовного наследства. Из стремления преодолеть техническое отставание России от Запада, причины которого носят по преимуществу экзогенный характер и в основном связаны с хорошо известной жертвенной ролью щита Западной Европы, которую она, как и до нее Византия, исполняла по географической необходимости, а не с ее духовной конструкцией, реформаторами на троне и революционерами в подполье делался вывод о том, что российский поезд надо переставить на другие рельсы – на те, по которым ездят на Западе. Примитивизируя сюжет, скажем так: чтобы научить русских строить корабли, в действительности не было надобности принуждать служилых людей к бритью бороды, а их супруг и дочерей к ношению декольте, вопреки тому, что думал тогда сам великий реформатор. Хотя модели для подражания с тех пор выбирались разные, но заимствовались они из одного резервуара. Российским императорам от Петра до Николая I включительно образцами для подражания служили монархические режимы Швеции, Пруссии или дореволюционной Франции; Александр II стремился реформировать подвластную страну с оглядкой на опыты либерализации европейских монархий, предпринятые после Французской революции. Сердцами оппозиционных либералов завладел английский парламент, более радикальные элементы вдохновлялись гильотиной якобинцев, а затем, уже в XX столетии, на просторах бывшей Российской империи, переименованной в Советский Союз, и за его пределами тщетно пытались осуществить вычитанную в книгах западных учителей утопию, духовные корни которой в древней хилиастической ереси. Наконец, когда утопия рухнула, зрение выброшенных катастрофой на поверхность вод лидеров и их ошарашенных почитателей омрачилось лицезрением ослепительного блеска фольги, в которую упакован «град, сияющий на вершине горы», на которую он взошел в действительности по причинам, ничего общего не имеющим с ныне навязываемой им самим всему миру постхристианской политкорректностью по отношению к злу и растлению, скорее, напротив: благодаря коренящимся в суровой пуританской и сектантской нетерпимости ко всякого рода, скажем так, моральным девиациям.Хотя в конечном счете все эксперименты глубокой трансформации России проваливались, сталкиваясь с ее неподдающимся запланированной мутации духовным ядром, но раны на нем в виде чужеродных институций и беспочвенных умонастроений и влечений «российских европейцев» разной ориентации они оставляли. В свое время два последних российских императора, Александр III и святой Николай II, пытались переломить тенденцию, но было уже поздно: болезнь оказалась тяжелой и для выстроенной Петром I империи смертельной.В любом случае, осмысление места России и Запада в системе координат мировых цивилизаций требует погружения в исторический контекст и его трезвого, добросовестного, рассудительного анализа. Корни настоящего всегда в прошлом. Корни недавнего прошлого уходят в древние слои исторической почвы. Знать прошлое, и главное, понимать его – дело полезное. Такое знание помогает делать правильный выбор, лучше видеть границу между реализуемыми замыслами и несбыточными прожектами, между предприятиями, приносящими сиюминутный успех, но чреватыми провалами в будущем, и теми, которые строятся не на песке, а на прочном фундаменте, на краеугольном камне.

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In Altai opened pyramid Roerich "

September 13, in the Altai region gathered admirers of Nicholas Roerich, - here was inaugurated monument to world-famous artists, writers and mistiku.Tseremoniya opening was held on the territory of special economic zone Turquoise Katun. "The location of the monument was not chosen by accident, reported the official website of the Altai Territory . On the territory of the Altai region, which now is a special economic zone of tourist-recreational type "Turquoise Katun" was held Central Asian expedition led by Nicholas Reriha.Skulptura Tavda installed in front of the caves on the banks of the river Katun.Vysota monument is 3,5 meters. Pedestal, made in the form of a pyramid, made of white marble with black veins. It is equipped with a white marble bust of Nicholas Reriha.Materialy for the manufacture of the "pyramid Roerich" mined in the Altai, and the white marble brought from Urala.Ranee at a press conference held in Barnaul, a monument by sculptor Vladimir Voychishin introduced the miniature replica of the monument, cast in silver using rare Altai stone - azure malachite (photo). According to the sculptor, the statue will be donated to one of the distinguished guests invited to the gala opening of the monument meropriyatiya.Torzhestvennoe NK Roerich was held in 14-00 local vremeni.V It was attended by Governor of the Territory Alexander Karlin, writer Mary Arbatov, Vladimir Voychishin sculptor, organizer of the international project "Parade of the creative heritage of India and Russia Lyudmila Sekacheva, cultural figures, representatives of the Roerich centers, as well as Members of the Federation Council and State Duma deputies RF.Posle the inauguration of the monument was a concert of art masters "Heart of the heart news feeds." unveiling of the monument Roerich in the Altai Territory is one of the major events of international cultural and educational project entitled "Parade of the creative heritage of Russia and India" launched in Russia in the beginning of this goda.Proekt entered the government plan of activities to commemorate the Year of India in Russia in 2009.

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Russia won the world karaoke

This night became known to the winners of World Championship on Karaoke Karaoke World Championships - 2009. In the history of Karaoke World Championships for the first time Russia WIN! Russia's champions karaoke participate in Karaoke World Championships for the third time. Russia was represented by winners of the qualifying competition, the champions of Russia in 2009-th year, Natalia Pilyutina and Fedor Rytikov.V result of the World Championship, Fedor Rytikov entered the top ten and won FIRST NATALIA PILYUTINA mesto.Luchshie karaoke performers the world compete at the World Championship for Karaoke (Karaoke World Championships) since 2003. Many talented amateur singing karaoke act at the level of the best voices of the world! Karaoke World Championship is held in collaboration with KWC official partners from over 20 countries. Karaoke World Championships is widely known as the most ambitious and prestigious annual karaoke event in the world! In 2008 - 2010 г. KWC held in Lahti (Lahti), Finlyandiya.Itogi Karaoke World Championships - 2009: Women: 1. Russia: NATALIA PILYUTINA! 2. Australia 3. FinlyandiyaMuzhchiny: 1. Irlandiya2. Finlyandiya3. LivanVpervye World Championship Karaoke Karaoke World Championships 2009 was broadcasted live! Translation was carried out on 11 and 12 September in the Internet portal KARAOKEUNIVERSE.NET

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TV increasingly overwhelmed syndrome of collectivism

In the dialog inside the studio is born is not the truth, but the dialogue, and with it the illusion of communication. Illusion of corporatism. The illusion of feeling loktya.Ya could not understand why the program "Triangle" to "3 channel" once the two presenters - Lika Kremer and Tanya Gevorkyan.Nu, besides that beauty is not much byvaet.Konechno, they are both young, handsome, educated and moderately intelligent. But no stylistic and substantive differences in their behavior and character issues None. about the difference of opinions, stated as a program concept, such as fast zabyvaetsya.Ili what once two trendsetter in the "Remove it immediately!"? Not too much I have every time in regular obedient self-sacrifice in rags? Or why just two leading "At nightfall on the first channel? Boris Berman and Ildar Zhandar both intelligent, slightly old-fashioned, secular, sometimes cloyingly so kind, always professional in teleintervyu.Ili "temporarily available" where the two men ask again - Dibrov and Dmitry Gubin.Im, perhaps, so much fun. But why would the number of the leading bit is not to save? The crisis in fact. A density leading to a single program rastet.Na male quartet "ProjectorParisHilton" of Channel Two, but the main answer key Quartet "Desperate Housewives." As many as four hosts - the same lot, they also all have something to say and do. Once the guests of the studio really show. Such a bustle in the frame, even products for culinary shares somewhere teryayutsya.I yet menee.Na "Russia" came the show "You and I", where the leading works couple Tigran Keosayan and Alena Khmelnitsky. And couples are coming into the game, supposedly revealing the extent of their understanding and awareness of the tastes and the psychology of each druga.Na First - the premiere show "Property of the republic, where once again the leading pair, Yuri Nikolaev, and Dmitry Shepel. In the morning broadcast on the eve of the show, they also came vdvoem.Shepelev spoken in the frame as if he was in unimportant club where you have to constantly arrange at least for livening up the intonation tjazhelovato auditorii.A Nicholas tried to answer all questions completely seriously, without a second sense, hints and shadows of wit. In general, they look very inorganic, but in passing symbolized two different generations. Different to televideniyu.Starshee generation of professionals think TV is a part and continuation of life. The younger generation simply can not imagine, but just in case something is playing and izobrazhaet.V "Minute of Fame" Dima Bilan and Ville Haapasalo, both in singlet and rods, also formed a speaker duet.Pohozhe, less than two in modern times presenter to walk somehow uncomfortable. Television seemed to all media persons decided to break into pairs or in addition to another team (two generational groups in the domain ...»). But what is the breakdown characteristics - sex, age, philosophical or social, is not so important. And even for none. "If I lived all alone, it has long been split into pieces would probably land" - sung in a children's film of the Soviet period, "Whispering troechniki." Like television personalities and individual channels are not so socially vulnerable and ideologically vulnerable. I would say, their little beret.Odnako than commercial reasons to - give the audience a choice, someone to love and look at anyone in a single program - the television is clearly experiencing a panic tired of being alone and desperate individualizma.Individualizm with loneliness - are great friends. And if the first is with a lot of nice, the second is more complex and we adapt well to distinguish its minusy.Kogda a first robin flight from loneliness was the program "School for Scandal." Once consolidated the trend of keeping fresh news programs on NTV and "Russia". Now the trend is transformed into fashion and mania. Less than two sobiratsya.Chego not want on TV from these gatherings? May increase flagging energy. After that it is not translated, must somewhere nurtured. A modern Telemir so impressed by him, so many cooks in its own juice and with such difficulty comes in the open air, which loses its sources pitaniya.Tak that one lead is just not enough. One energy good, but two - bolshe.Kogda two people, each of them may not have outwardly projecting their personal content. Hence, this content can not possess. The main thing - is the emotional dynamics that arise between the two, whether they are colleagues, even though suprugi.V dialogue within the studio is born is not the truth, but the dialogue, and with it the illusion of communication. Illusion of corporatism - in fact no coincidence conventions and rituals of corporatism is so popular in our zhizni.Illyuziya sense of the elbow. TV as if straying into a ball, back to back, a replica to the replica that originated in the broadcast image of a Tele, some even telepartii.Za parade this layer there is an elementary telepartatsii longing for a lost and shattered in the dust kollektivizmu.Sovetskie days are gone. Collectivism has outlived his own, and has outlived it must be said, much earlier than to destroy the Soviet way of life. Condition of late forms of collective recall how sad faces, and parody, and in kindergarten and at school, and in a strange adult work (which is quite clearly captured even children's memory). We are still trying to take off somewhere. We are still trying to ideologically-examining. Besides receiving and exams have always been few. But taken and examined a each individually. And always get that right, and empowered those who were more than tebya.Segodnyashnee TV plays the same psychological and mizanstsenicheskuyu model. Of course, the studio lights and sequins, the glare and excess color from vide.Teni Alena Khmelnytsky were at the premiere, "You and I" incredible blue. And what is there a transparent bell for the isolation of one spouse responsible for most important questions! No, we are under such a cap is not seated, when they decide to take the Young Communist League at the first attempt or even pomuchit.No essence of the Soviet manic assessment now being revived in television with ease, and even rapture. Previously, people had to conform to ideology or, in the end, the ideological conventions and ritualam.Seychas TV program participants must comply with the rules of the game television, an unknown person and what's fictional. However, it is not just about living sovremennikah.Kogo and that would be a yet to be assessed, which would still put up points - that's what television is concerned. Last season, the great men of the past fought for a place in the rankings in the project "Name of Russia" on RTR. This season will fight songs past let.V "You and I" husband and wife should have to prove why something in public, for the needs huge audience that they are not two separate planets, a unit of society, with full mutual kontrolem.Schitaetsya that today is cultivated, private life, intimate feelings and all that. Cultivated, yes, as a show, as a spectacle, as a joke. As an occasion to demonstrate the power of makrosotsiuma mikrosotsiumom.Sama same private life again is not respected, not to care or put - as in Soviet times. And this style attitude to privacy is becoming fashionable as a standard of social behavior and samochuvstviya.V estimation-game programs, the main thing is not that their someone writes and someone approves of, but that the number of people willing to participate in them has not dried up. They come and go in the broadcast as such want endless potokom.V some not too encouraging mental attitude of our society is very true to himself. Formerly there were forms of collectivism, because it told me the illusion of collective vlast.Teper revived because of the capitalist era suppresses lone individual who has lost many mental opory.A video captures trends and moods of the audience, the more that is itself part of sovremennosti.Sovremennoe of Economic and Social laws of the Soviet aesthetic, atmospheric and mental filling - this formula seems to be carried out on TV.Igry in nostalgia continues. Both new TV show using the name of Soviet-era movies. "Property of the Republic" - a revolutionary entertainment hit, but very sad movie. "You and I" Larissa Shepitko remembers a more narrow audience, but do not remember the picture is impossible. There were many great scenes, including tsirke.Geroy Yuri Vizbora, in love with the heroine Alla Demidova, volunteered to be a volunteer and participate in the stunts in the arena. End this heroism for his miserable farsom.Oschuschaya that has become a laughing stock, he is on top of the absurdity of the whole action tossed in a bucket of this water. He was to become the master of his shame, not only unwise toy circus, not respecting human dostoinstvo.Tak here, falling hero Yuri Vizbora on current television, the entertainment show "You and I", he would once again wanted to fling himself out of this bucket of the present vodoy.Emu would again become a pressing need to split improvisation that all finally felt awkward and recognized the idiocy of what is happening today deystva.No no such incidents. No one has the feeling of awkwardness. In the case of inadequate improvisers have a record. Belonging to a particular cohort group, or at least a pair, as well as fixing a person of his role in the script ensures socialization efire.Bolshego as convincing entertaining TV, is not given and is not necessary.

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An Israeli has received the Golden Lion at Venice festival

Golden Lion Venice Film Festival for best film was "Lebanon" Samuel Maoza from Israel. A Rossiyanka Ksenia Rappoport received Volpi Cup for Best Actress in the film "Double Time" by Giuseppe Kapotondi.Na Venice Film Festival held a solemn ceremony of awarding the festival. The main prize - "Gold Lion" - got the picture "Lebanon," Israeli director Samuel Maoza, reports Reuters. The fact that the film "Lebanon" will not remain unrewarded became clear yesterday, after his showing at the festival. When the picture ended, the audience was asked to stand up the whole crew and applauded them for 15 minut.Deystvie film is set in 1982, after the Israeli invasion into Lebanon. Thus all that is visible on the screen - it is armored, the crew of which consists of four young people. The rest of the world and things happening in it events are shown only through gun sights. Reuters correspondents have described the film as "a morbid concentration of primitive emotion" and "one of the most antigeroicheskih works about the war ever filmed in cinema history." "Silver Lion for best director was awarded the Iranian artist Shirin Neshat for the film" Women without Men ". Volpi Cup for Best Actor took britasnky actor Colin Firth for his role in the debut film of the American fashion designer Tom Ford's "The Bachelor." Osella Award for Best Screenplay jury felt worthy to receive for the Todd Solondz film "Life in wartime." By the way, he was also director of the film. Best Actress - rossiyankaKubok Volpi for Best Actress was Russia Kseniya Rappoport for her role in the film "Double Time" Giuseppe Kapotondi, where she played a maid, an emigrant from Slovenii.35-year-old actress graduated from the St Petersburg Academy of Theatrical Arts, and played on the stage in such classic productions as: "Uncle Vanya" and "The Seagull" Chekhov's "Madame Bovary" Flaubert, "Oedipus Rex" and "Antigone" Sofokla.Pervy times on screen, she appeared in 1991 in the movie "Be gone!" Dmitry Astrahana.Z Then there were the pictures I'll pay forward "(2001) Viktor Titov, and" The Rider Named Death "(2004) Karen Shahnazarova.V foreign film directors, she also removed not the first time. First, in 1997, she played Maria in the ribbon of the English directed by Bernard Rose's Anna Karenina. "And in 2006, Giuseppe Tornatore, invited her to a major role in the movie" The Stranger "- a role which brought her the prize" "David" by Donatello and many praise kritiki.V 2008 she played in the film "Man whom she loves "Maria Sole Tognazzi, as well as in" St. George's Day "by Kirill Serebrennikov, who won a prize for the festival Kinotaur for Best Actress. Venice kinofestivalV basic program of the Venice Film Festival are the main competition, where the participating films have never been displayed before the public and have not participated in other festivals. Here are awarded to such awards as: "Golden Lion", "Silver Lion", Volpi Cup, prize, Marcello Mastroianni, Osella prize and special prize goes zhyuri.Zatem program "Horizons", which involves feature and documentary films that represent new trends in the development of cinema. Awards are as follows: Orizzonti - for best feature film program and Orizzonti DOC - for best documentary program. There is a competition of short films and single-source pokaz.Za each contest meets his jury. The most numerous jury chooses who gets the main prize of the film festival - "Golden Lion". This year's Venice Film Festival jury this year headed by "Brokeback Mountain" Ang Lee. Sam Lee has twice won the Venice Film Festival - in 2005, the Golden Lion award went to his film "Brokeback Mountain", and in 2007 he received another Golden Lion for his film "Lust, Caution," about love and treachery in China since the Second World war.

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